Transcript
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A Listener production.
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Katherine Morgan Schaeffler is a psychotherapist in New York City
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who earned her bachelor's degree in psychology at UC Berkeley
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before obtaining two masters from Columbia University. Catherine has a
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very long impressive bio, including working as an on site
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therapist at Google.
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She currently works in private practice in New.
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York with ambitious, perfectionistic women, and she has come to
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understand that we are thinking about perfectionism all wrong. In
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this fascinating conversation, Catherine and I discuss the difference between
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healthy and unhealthy perfectionism, why perfectionism is a gendered issue.
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This is something I had not thought about. No one
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tells men that they should lower their perfectionist standards, the
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five different types of perfectionist, and how when harnessed correctly,
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perfectionism can be your superpower. If you have I've ever
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felt tortured by perfectionism, or if you are tired of
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being told that your perfectionism is a bad thing, then
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this episode is for you. I hope you enjoy this
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conversation with Katherine Morgen Schaffler. Katherine, Welcome to the Crappy
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to Happy Podcast.
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Thank you so much for having me. I'm really thrilled
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to be here.
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Congratulations on your book, which I had an advanced copy of.
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I was so excited to talk to you because, as
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I was just saying to you off air, the topic
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of perfectionism is a big one for women. It's a
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big one for listeners in my community. It's something that
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I talk about a lot, and I was really interested
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to actually get your perspective on this topic. So, as
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you know, when we talk about perfectionism, and I've even
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talked about this myself about we have to get over
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perfectionism and accept that good enough is good enough and
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not be completely undone by perfectionism, and you've got a
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bit of a different take on it. Can you share
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perspective on perfectionism?
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Yes, So I have also tried that method which I
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talk about in The Perfectionist Guide to Lose in Control
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as the eradication method, because I've heard the same messages
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that you have that we all have that perfectionism is bad.
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If you are a perfectionist, you need to fix something
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about yourself so that you can learn how to be
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balanced and healthy and good. And what I discovered in
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my work as a psychotherapist and also just my own
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work on myself is that that method does not work.
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And I became really curious about why does this not
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work and if it doesn't work, why do we keep
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telling people to approach perfectionism in this way? And what
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I found when I delved into the research is that
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perfectionist is an enduring identity marker. So that means the
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people who relate to that term and really identify as
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a perfectionist tend to identify and hold on to that
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identity throughout their entire lifetime. And it's sort of like
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thinking of yourself as a romantic or an activist. In
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the same way that I would never tell a romantic
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it's great that you believe in love, just don't believe
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in love every time, And in the same way I
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would never tell an activist listen, caring is good, just
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don't care so much that you know it begins to
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dictate all your decisions in life. You just can't tell
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a perfectionist, look, I know that you want to do
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a great job, but just don't be so much of
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a perfectionist. And I became really frustrated the ubiquity of
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that message. And then there was another layer of who
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is getting that message which is overwhelmingly directed towards women
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more than men? And then there was just every time
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I thought I had it figured out, there was like
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an another layer of, well, what other messages are women
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getting that men aren't getting. Oh, women are being told
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to find balance at a totally disproportionate rate to men.
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Why is that? And how are all these things interconnected?
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What's the interplay? And so yes, my approach is to
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flip the paradigm of perfectionism on its head, to talk
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about the research around perfectionism, which for the past few
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decades has focused on perfectionism as a multi dimensional construct,
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so as this kaleidoscopic thing that can be expressed both
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adaptively the healthy version and maladaptively the unhealthy version. So
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my approach is not about thinking of perfectionism in a
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binary way as good or bad. It's about thinking about
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it holistically and thinking about yourself holistically as a whole
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human being who wants to operate from a best self
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but also has like a regular self and also has
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you know, what you might call a lower self, as
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somebody who's sort of making decisions from an unconscious place
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and just understanding that that's part of being a human being,
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and that the way to move through that is to
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accept it and embrace it and then explore the ways
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to use your strengths to help you be the person
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that you want to be.
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And you make such a valid point that there is,
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and as a psychologist myself, there is an adaptive way
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of being perfectionist, and there is a maladaptive way. What
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we see and what we talk about is always the maladaptive.
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You're quite right that it doesn't help to reduce all
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perfectionism and all of it's potentially really positive aspects, things
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that really help people to do a good job, and
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attention to detail, all that healthy striving to put that
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all under the one umbrella of this what is essentially
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the maladaptive form of perfecttion right.
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Yes, And interestingly, if you go all the way back
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to the first time that perfectionism was presented in psychological literature,
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you will find the work of doctor Alfred Adler, who
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I am obsessed with and became obsessed with in researching
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the book The Perfectionist Guide to Lose in Control, and
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Adler framed perfectionism in this beautiful way as this innate
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human quality that all of us possess. And he is
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the guy who coined the term inferiority complex, and he
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knew in real time that people were misunderstanding what the
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inferiority complex was. And really, what's so beautiful about Adler
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is that he framed all neuroses, as he put it,
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as an absence of connection. And so he looked at
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mental health through the lens of connection instead of the
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way that we look at mental health now, which is
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through the lens of individual pathology. And we look at
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something that's dysfunctional, we hone in on the person and
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we say, what's wrong with you? Instead, we could, again
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the word holistic comes to mind, see something that's dysfunctional
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and ask better questions like where are you feeling disconnected
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in your life? How can we connect more to each other?
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What community support is missing right now? And so I
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really loved Adler's framing and I discovered the language that
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I needed and felt about perfectionism, which is, you know,
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he calls it the eternal melody we all hear. He believed,
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unlike Freud, that human beings are innately good. So when
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you see the reality plunk down in your lap and
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the ideal in front of you, and you imagine a
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better and improved ideal. If we were left to our
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own devices and we were supported and connected, we would
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be pursuing deals that helped the whole, helped the collective.
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And that if he essentially said, if everyone was clean, clothed, free,
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safe and loved, there would be no perfectionism. But because
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we understand that there's so much disconnectedness in our culture,
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there's something in us that is propelling us towards this
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mission to take care of each other, and that is perfectionism.
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This perfect ideal, from his perspective, was a societal one.
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And even just thinking about it that way, whether you
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agree with that conceptualization or not, just understanding that there
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are many ways to look at this construct and looking
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at it in the way that we look at it now,
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which is really reductive and myopic, and saying, well, a
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perfectionist is this type a person who is rigid and
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wants everything to be perfect at all time times. It's
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such an oversimplification and it bulldozes over so much of
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the nuance and real richness of this construct.
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Yeah, fascinating, and I totally agree that with what you're
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saying about this individualization of pathology when obviously any sort
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of mental health issues, emotional struggle, challenge that we grapple
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with is so much to do. You know, it's the
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context of the culture and the society and the world
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that we live in, and there is so much more
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at play.
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One hundred percent. We just don't have names for cultural disorders,
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but we should. And it doesn't mean that individual pathology
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isn't real. It is, but it's not the whole story.
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No. The other interesting thing that you just said, and
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you describe in the book is that there is also
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just not one perfectionist. You know, I have had clients
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myself in the past, and you know, people who have
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said me, I'm going, oh, say there are a little
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bit of perfectionism going on here, and they say, oh, gosh, no,
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you couldn't call mere perfectionists. Like my house is a mess.
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You couldn't call mere perfectionist. You know, that's not necessarily
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what perfectionism is. And often what I would say to
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people is it's not even necessarily what appears on the outside.
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It's what you're doing to yourself on the inside, like
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in your own mind when you're not achieving those ideals
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with those standards that you set for yourself. But you've
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actually broken down perfectionism into basically five different profiles, five
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or different sort of presentations of these perfectionist tendencies, which
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I found really interesting, and I think that would be
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really helpful for a lot of people to hear what
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they are to help them to better understand where they
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might fit, like how perfectionism might present for them, because
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I think to go on from that, then what you've
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really presented is we'll get to this later, is you know,
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how do you harness the best bits of that?
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You know?
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How? Oh, that's what we're getting to, isn't like how
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do you harness the positive without being undone by the
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potential kind of consequences? So could we go to the
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five perfectionist time?
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Yes, Cass, thank you for bringing that up. And I
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personally no one has to agree with me, But I
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don't know how to spend a better three minutes of
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my life than taking an online pop psycho kiz. So
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if you'd like to take the quiz about which type
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of perfectionist you are, you can go to perfectionist guide
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dot com. But yes, I started to notice patterns in
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my work, and I realized before I wrote this book,
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I really felt like I could never be a perfectionist.
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I'm obsessed with doctor Brene Brown and still am. I
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never know where my phone is or my lip bomb,
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and I don't mind, you know, a little bit of mess,
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a little bit of you know, just I'm not a
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rigid person, or so I thought. But still the underlying
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theme of perfectionism continued to sort of manifest within me.
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So let me get to the five types. The five
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types are intense perfectionists, and these are people who are
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effortlessly direct. They maintain razor sharp focus on achieving the
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goal the outcome, but left unchecked, they can impose standards
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that go from being really high to impossible, and they
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can be very punitive with themselves and those around them
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if those impossible standards are not met. So backing up
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a touch, all of these profiles have pros and cons,
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advantages and liabilities. Next is classic perfectionists, and this is
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what we tend to think of. I think when we
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think of the perfectionists of someone who's very buttoned up, proppy.
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These people are highly reliable. They add structure to wherever
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they go pretty effortlessly but left unchecked, they struggle to
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adapt to spontaneity or change in routine, and they can
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experience difficulty connecting meaningfully with others because if you're not
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also engendering some kind of connection or interpersonal priority, classic
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perfectionists can come off as transactional. Parisian perfectionists possess a
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live wire understanding of the power of connection, and so
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for these kinds of perfectionists, they want the ideal connection
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they want to be. This sometimes shows up as being,
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you know, the need to be perfectly liked, the desire
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to perfectly like others, the desire to connect perfectly to themselves.
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You see a lot of this in personal development, right
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of I want to perfectly love myself and perfectly be
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patient with myself, And left unchecked, this type of perfectionism
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can tastasize into some really dysfunctional people pleasing where you're
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prioritizing the other person so much that you have abandoned
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yourself in the process. And then there's the procrastinator perfectionist.
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And most simply put, this kind of perfectionist once the
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beginning of something to feel or be perfect. So on
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the pro's side, these are people who are excellent at preparing.
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They are not impulsive, They are very thoughtful about their
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decision making, and they can see situations from a three
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hundred and sixty degree angle. On the con side, they
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can forget about the law of diminishing returns, and their
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preparative measures can overwhelm them to the point of indecisiveness.
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So they become paralyzed by this type of perfectionism, and
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then they just don't act. They never do it because
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the beginning of any process is rarely perfect. It's never
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the right time to go on vacation or to break
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up with someone, or to ask for a raise or
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whatever it is. And the counterpart and the last profile
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to procrastinative perfectionists are messy perfectionists and massy perfectionists. Unlike
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procrastinative perfectionists, are in love with the beginning, can effortlessly