Transcript
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A listener production.
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Hey guys, you're listening to Crappy to Happy. I'm cas done.
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I'm a clinical and coaching psychologist, a mindfulness meditation teacher,
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and author of the Crappy to Happy books. In this series,
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we look at all of the factors that might be
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making you feel crappy and give you the tools and
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the techniques that will help you to overcome them. In
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each episode, I introduce you to interesting, inspiring, intelligent people
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who are experts in their field, and my hope is
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that they will help you feel less crappy and more happy.
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Today I'm speaking.
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With Ariel Garton, who is a highly accomplished woman with
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a fascinating background, which she will soon share with you.
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Most recently, Ariel was the CEO of the company that
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created the Muse brain sensing headband, which provides real time
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feedback on your brain activity during meditation. You all know
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that mindfulness and meditation are topics I'm passionate about, so
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I had to talk to Ariel about the science behind
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this technology, it's potential benefits, and whether or not it
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aligns with more traditional approaches to meditation or not. Ariel
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was gracious enough to join me from her home in Toronto,
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and I hope you find this conversation as fascinating as
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I did. So, Ariel, I would like to just start
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with a little bit of your background for our listeners. So,
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because you have an interesting background too, you have a
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background in the arts, am I right, psychotherapy, and neuroscience.
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Do you want to just tell us a little bit
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about your background?
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Sure, So my mum was an artist, So I always
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grew up thinking that you could imagine anything you wanted
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and bring it to life, because you'd make these beautiful canvases.
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For anyone watching the video, there's actually one behind me.
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So I grew up in the world of the arts,
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but I was fascinated by science and how the world worked,
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and that fascination very quickly turned into the fascination with
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the self and understanding how the self worked. So I
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trained as a psychotherapist and a neuroscientist. And so I
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spent a spent a decade being a psychotherapist in private practice,
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and then as a neuroscientist, developed this amazing device MEWS,
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which actually reads your brain activity and gives you real
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time feedback during a variety of activities, including meditation. So
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I've spun the gamut from art to science, and I'm
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really fascinated by how you allow people to understand and
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transform what goes on in their own brain.
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Yeah, it is so interesting and I want to We
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will spend some time talking about the muse for sure,
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which is a brain sensing headband that you wear during meditation.
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It gives you real time feedback about what's happening in
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your brain.
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The inn at in a nutshell. Ye, so you got it.
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So before we get to that, what's your personal experience
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of meditation and sort of what inspired you to go
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down this path when it comes to all the things
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you could create with this technology.
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So I was a terrible meditator as a psychotherapist. I
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would be always recommending meditation to my patients. I would
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teach them how to meditate, and then I would go
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home and I would sit there and I'd try to
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let my mind focus on something and it would do
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a million things at once, and it'd be like, ah, man,
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this is so frustrating. And then my patients would come
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in and be like, so did you meditate this week?
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And they're like, oh, yeah, totally for like three minutes once.
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Yes, okay.
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At least you're not lying to be like the other
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patient was.
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And when I started working with this very early brand
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computer interface technology, we did all sorts of crazy stuff
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with it, but it became really clear that if we
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wanted to help people in the world and help move
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the needle for humanity in some way, that if we
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could use this technology to teach people to meditate, we
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would be doing something really meaningful.
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I know I relate so much to that because I'm
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a psychologist and I teach people meditation as well, and
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I'm not always the greatest at maintaining my own practice,
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but yes, how was the meditation practice?
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Like people couldn't sit for longer than three minutes.
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That would sit for three minutes maybe twice a week,
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and that's their limit. So I'm all for anything that
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helps people to do more of it, or to be
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encouraged or incentivized in some way to meditate, because obviously
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we know what the benefits are as a neuroscientist. Actually
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that leads me to do you want to talk to
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some of the known benefits sure of mindfulness and meditation.
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So there are so many known benefits.
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If you look at the letterature, there's over a thousand
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published studies talking about meditation's ability to improve your sleep,
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decrease your stress, improve your gro scores, improve your productivity,
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improve your relationships, and change your mood. Like the studies
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over and over and over again demonstrate meditation's ability to
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have meaningful impact in our mind and our body. As
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an euroscientist, I can dive into the cool things that
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meditation can do for your brain.
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Exactly, yeah, please cool.
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So at the front of our head over here, we
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have an area called the prefrontal cortex, and it's a
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sort of a higher order control center. It's the thing
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that allows us to think, organize, plan, It's a thing
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that we have that other mammals do not have. And
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as you age, unfortunately your prefrontal cortex thins.
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Bad news.
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But the good news is if you're able to maintain
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a long term meditation practice, you can maintain the thickness
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of your prefrontal cortex even as you age. So there's
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one study by doctor Sarah Lazar at Harvard and she
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had a fifty year old long term meditator who had
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the prefrontal cortex thickness of a twenty three year old.
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So moving back in the brain, so the prefrontal cortex
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lets you organize and plan. Behind it, we have in
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the middle of the brain we have the amygdala, and
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the amygdala is your fight or flight response. It's the
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thing that's going like, ah, there's a fire, or ah,
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my pants are rinkly and I'm walking into a meeting,
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or add that person across the room maybe doesn't like me.
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It's firing all the time, and not necessarily in ways
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that are always helpful to us. And when you look
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at somebody with a meditation practice, you can often see
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a decrease in amygdala activity, and if you look at
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a long term meditator, you may even see a decrease
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in the size of the amygdala.
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That's fascinating.
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Yes, so we're seeing like real structural changes in the brain,
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and there's really a relationship between what's happening in the
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prefrontal cortex and what's happening in the amygdala. You can
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kind of think of the prefrontal cortex as the parent,
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as the thing that can plan and organize and see
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the world around it and see what's clearly going on,
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and the amygdala being the little three year old that
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wants to have a temper tantrum and freak out and
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is scared. And as you meditate, often part of what's
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going on is that you have an increase in prefrontal
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cortex control that down regulates the amygdala. So the wise
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parent is getting wiser and it's able to calm down
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the anxious, scared child. And so meditation allows us to
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really in many ways, structurally change our brain potentially through
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both those dynamics and lots of other ones. So you
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also see cool things like increased connectivity through your corpus colossom,
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so increased connectivity in the left and right brain. You
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can see increased size of the hippocampus, are learning in
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memory area, and you can even see changes in the
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an area called the temporal pridal junction, which is responsible
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for compassion, empathy, and perspective taking.
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It's really interesting stuff and I love that because I think,
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you know, obviously, for a long time we knew that
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people felt better, they felt more calm. But knowing that
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that is actually the result of actual structural changes in
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your brain, that is, it is actually changing you at
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a cellular level, is so interesting.
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It is fascinating.
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So it can change you to cellular level in your
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mind it can also change you to cellular level in
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your body.
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Go talk and well, let's do it.
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So this is some super cool stuff that comes out
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of doctor Elizabeth Blackburn's lab. Doctor Elizabeth Blackburn is a
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Nobel Prize winning scientist.
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She's not some.
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Weird woo woo hippie scientist. And what she looked at
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was the length of one's telomeres. So, the telomeres are
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the protective caps on the end of your DNA. So
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in the same way that on your shoelace, you have
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a little piece of plastic at the end that once
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it unravels, your shoelace unravels. So too, we have these
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little telomeres at the end and they protect the DNA.
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And as you age, they get shorter and shorter. They
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are a marker of cellular aging, so they can show
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how old the organism is, how much it is aged.
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As you age, the telomeres get shorter and shorter. Well,
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it turns out that when you give somebody a meditation practice,
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there's the potential for those telomeres to actually start increasing again.
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And in doctor Blackburn's landmark study, she showed that moms
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who are chronically stressed caring chronically ill children when they
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were given a meditation practice, were actually able to increase
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the length of they're telomeres. And that finding has been
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replicated over and over and over again in various populations
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and average populations as well.
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So we're literally slowing, potentially reversing the aging process potentially.
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I mean, it's an incredibly big claim to make. Look
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at the literature, there's some pretty interesting conclusions that you
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can come to.
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And Ariel, are you aware of any of the research.
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I'm just curious about because I know that there's also
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studies about compassion meditation specifically, for example, basically turning off
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and on the genes for disease. Have you read any
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of that research?
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Yeah, so you're referring to meditation's ability to have an epigenetic.
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Impact in the body.
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Yes, yes, So overall, when we look at the meditation literature,
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there's just like we were turning on the gene for telomerase,
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telamerase being the enzyme that would lengthen your telomeres. We
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can also through meditation turn potentially turn on and off
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genes in your body that increase your immune system, that
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help you go into rest and digest that in general
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improve the health of the organism overall. It's not a panacea.
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I don't want to oversell it, but there's fascinating avenues
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that the literature points to pretty compelling.
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So even though we know all of.
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This, and even you and I like, even knowing all
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of this stuff, get to get people to sit down
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and spend ten minutes, fifteen minutes, five minutes just focusing
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on their breath is it seems like it's the hardest
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thing for people to do.
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There's every excuse to not do it. They can't find
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the time to do it, it's too uncomfortable.
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What's going on? We've got all the information. What is
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it that stops us being able to do this.
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It's a good question.
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And I mean I've seen it over and over and
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over again, and for some people it was like, oh, well,
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meditation is woo woo. But that perception, I think has
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gone away at this point. Everybody knows they should be meditating. It's,
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you know, part of a balanced lifestyle. You eat well,
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you brush your teeth, you go to the gym, and
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you meditate. And most people manage the first two. The
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going to the gym as much harder and meditations like
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way off the spectrum. Yeah, and I think for most people,
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you know, you sit down, most people don't know exactly
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what meditation is. So there's the perception that metal is
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letting your mind go blank, which it's not exactly. So
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when you're doing a basic meditation, what you're probably doing
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is focusing your attention on your breath. So you're putting
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your focused attention on a single point. Your mind then
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begins to wander. You notice it wanders, and you return
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it to your breath, and you don't get mad at
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yourself that your mind wanders, because all of our minds wander.
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What you're just trying to do is notice and return.
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And so I think most people don't know what meditation
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even is, how you're supposed to do it, And then
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when you do sit down to do it, your mind
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wanders all over the place, and so we create all
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sorts of judgment about it, and we're like, oh my god,
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I suck at this, and we don't like being bad
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at things.
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That makes us feel bad about ourselves. Yeah, and so
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then we just get up and we don't do it.
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Yeah, that's so true.
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That's voice of self criticism chimes in, very quickly, and
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then we do anything to avoid that.