Transcript
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This is Crappy to Happy and I am your host,
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Cas Done. I'm a clinical and coaching psychologist. I'm mindfulness
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meditation teacher and of course author of the Crappy to
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Happy books. In this show, I bring you conversations with interesting, inspiring,
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intelligent people who are experts in their field and who
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have something of value to share that will help you
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feel less crappy and more happy. Hello and welcome to
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another solo episode of Crappy to Happy. This week, I
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want to talk about an idea called learned helplessness. Now,
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no doubt, this is a term that you've probably heard before,
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but many people don't really understand where it came from,
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don't really understand what it truly means, and most importantly,
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how it might apply to you or somebody in your life,
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and what can you do to overcome it if you
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find that you might be succumbing to this idea of
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learned helplessness or feeling like you are powerless in a
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situation where in fact you are not. The reason this
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is so important is because having a sense of agency,
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having a sense of autonomy, or a sense that you
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are in control of your own destiny, is so fundamental
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to good mental health. When we feel out of control,
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like nothing that we can do is making a change,
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that is a path to despair and hopelessness, that can
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get you into a really, really bad place. And the
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problem is that often, well sometimes I shouldn't say often,
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but sometimes it's not actually the case that you have
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no options or you have no agency or no power
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in a situation. Sometimes your past conditioning can lead you
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to defaulting, I guess, to this feeling that you are powerless,
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when that's in fact not true. It's really important to
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be on the lookout for this, and so that if
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you do find yourself feeling a little bit out of
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control in a situation, feeling hopeless and you know like
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there's nothing that you can do to change your situation,
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to look for ways that you can turn that around
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and look for ways that you can take back some
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sense of power and agency. So let's talk about learned helplessness.
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This is an idea that came about all the way
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back in the sixties where Martin Seligman, who is obviously
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a very well known psychologist, the father of positive psychology
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at the time, he was doing experiments on dogs and
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what they did was they placed they had three different
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sets of dogs, three different groups, and one group of
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dogs was placed into a shuttle box where they were
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subject to electric shocks. Now I'm assured that these weren't
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really really painful electric shocks, just irritating, annoying, subtle electric
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shocks to their feet inside this shuttle box. But there
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was a small barrier that the dogs could jump over
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and get into the other side of this box. Like
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there were two shuttle boxes connected one. They were getting
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the shocks on their feet and they could jump over
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the barrier to escape when those shocks started to get
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uncomfortable on their feet. The second group of dogs were
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also in a box where they were also exposed to
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settle electric shocks on their feet. These dogs were not
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able to leave no matter what they did. No matter
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how they tried to escape or move position or change things,
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there was no escaping the electric shocks. The third group
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of dogs, they weren't exposed to anything. That was the
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control group, that was a normal dog behavior. So what
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happened was very quickly the dogs that had a way
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out found a way out, and that's what they did.
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The dogs that had no way out, they eventually realized
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that nothing that they could do was going to make
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a change, and so they just basically just curled up
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in the corner and kind of whimpered, which is so sad,
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but this is what they did back in the sixties.
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The interesting thing about this, though, is that later they
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took all of these dogs, they put them into another
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situation again, they exposed them to the electric shocks on
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their feet. All of the dogs were able to escape.
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They all had a way out. They could easily jump
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over the barrier or find a way to leave this situation.
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What they found was the dogs in the first experiment
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who had been able to escape, when they put them
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into the second situation, they did escape. The second group
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of dogs, the ones who had learned that nothing that
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they would do could make a change, when they were
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in the situation where they actually could jump over the barrier,
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they could escape, they didn't. They did the same thing
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as they had done before, and they just curled up
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in the corner and they just whimpered. And so they
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had been trained to think that nothing that they were
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going to do, nothing that they could do, was going
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to make a change, and so therefore they didn't bother trying.
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So that was where This concept of learned helplessness came
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about the idea that in a completely new situation where
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there was obviously something that they could do, they did
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have power, they did agency, they didn't know how to
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access that. They had learned that they had no power,
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and they didn't even bother to try so. Then, obviously
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they took this idea and they started to apply it
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to human groups. They had another experiment where they put
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people into a room where they were exposed to like,
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really really loud, irritating noises. One group learned that if
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they pressed a button or something like that, then they
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could turn the noises off. Another group, no matter what
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they did, these unrelenting, painful noises they were exposed to,
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nothing they could do would change the situation. Again, they
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went into another situation where they were able to make
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a change to their environment to change their circumstances, and
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the people who had been in the situation where they
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nothing they did made a difference didn't bother to try,
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Hence learned helplessness. Now, there's been loads of research now
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into this idea and the way it relates to things
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like anxiety to depression. When people are in a negative
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mind state where they have been exposed situations, perhaps in
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their childhood, perhaps growing up in a family, feeling like
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they have no power, no agency in a situation, and
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then basically taking this kind of attitude, this kind of
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psychological mindset of being powerless, having no control in a situation,
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very quickly defaulting to that kind of victim mentality. And
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I don't use the word victim in a derogatory way.
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I just mean that sense that there is nothing that
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I can do and therefore not taking steps to make
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changes in their life or in their environment, even when
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those options are available to them. So you can see
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how this can have a massive impact on your mental health.
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If you've kind of grown up, you've internalized this idea,
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it's somewhere along the line that you have no power
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that you nothing that you were going to do is
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going to make a difference. They've shown with you know,
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school children in academic situations where if nothing that they
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do makes a difference, then they give up trying. In
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work situations, when people feel like there is nothing that
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they can do, no matter what they do, who they
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talk to, what steps they take, if there's no change,
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there's no improvement, then people become very despondent people stop
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bothering to try. There's been I mean, this is a
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little controversial, but you know, there is a school of
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thought that all of those cry it out methods that
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were you know, have been used to train babies to sleep. Well, yeah,
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maybe they do work to train babies to sleep, but
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there's many people who believe that actually, all you're teaching
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them is learned helplessness. You're just training those babies that
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it doesn't matter what they do, it doesn't matter how
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much they cry, nobody is coming to attend to their needs,
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and therefore don't bother. And arguably that is not the
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kind of psychology that you want to you want your
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kids to grow up with. You don't want them believing that.
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You want them to feel that if they need something,
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if they want something, if they speak up, if they
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use their voice, if they raise their voice, you know
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that somebody is going to come, somebody is going to
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attend to them. So I want to throw a cat
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amongst the pigeons with that one. But you know, this
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is worth thinking about. It's worth thinking about the things
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and the experiences that we find ourselves in the situations
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we find ourselves in that influence our psychology down the track,
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maybe many years later, when you don't even realize that
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that is something that you've adopted, an idea that you've
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adopted that is influencing the way you make decisions and
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the way how you feel about situations and circumstances you
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find yourself in in relationships, like I said, in the workplace,
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all sorts of circumstances. So learned helplessness is something that's
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really important to be aware of, not just in yourself,
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but also in the people around you. Remember that everybody
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has a story. Everybody has come from their own unique
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personal circumstances, upbringing, family dynamics, many many, many people have
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experienced trauma in their lives. We know that now statistically.
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So when you see behaviors in other people that you
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find frustrating, perhaps having some compassion for this, having some
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understanding of how this kind of mindset can come about
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in people. But then also now for the good bit,
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that's the crappy bit, getting to the happy What can
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you do about it? What can you do about that
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if you notice that in yourself or if you notice
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it in other people. So, one really interesting idea that
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came out in response to this concept of learned helplessness
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is the idea of learned optimism. So what some psychologists
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notice is that part of this learned helpless kind of
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mindset was the idea that when bad things happen, when
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things aren't going well, there is a way that we
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attribute to those negative events and the way to understand
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these three kind of attributional styles. Try to keep this simple.
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It's a three p's of permanence, pervasiveness, and personalization. So
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what that means is when something bad happens, if I
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find myself in a difficult situation, if I have a setback,
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or if I have a failure or something that I
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do is not working as I want it to. One,
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it's permanent. Things will always be bad. That's that hopelessness, right,
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That's that helplessness. I don't have any control over this.
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It feels like it's all going to be it's always
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going to be like this. But two is pervasiveness, it
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feels like my whole life is a mess. And the
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third is personalization. It's all my fault. So people who
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have a more optimistic style, people who are more inclined
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to still feel like they have some sense of agency,
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some control that they can turn things around for the better.
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When it comes to those three p's permanence will know
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they recognize that this is a temporary setback, that this
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is not going to be terrible forever, that this is
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just a bump in the road. When it comes to pervasiveness,
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they are able to contain that setback to just this
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is just a small area of my life and still
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retain some sense of perspective that there are other things
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in their life that are going well. There are still
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other things, you know, things that are good and to
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be grateful for, and that this is just this just
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just a glipse not to say that it's not still different,
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got and painful, and you know, people are not still
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having a tough time, but there's that perspective that it's
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not all bad. And the third is personalization. It's this
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ability to realize that there could have been some outside
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influencers or factors that contributed to my difficult situation. It
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is not all my fault. And so with anxiety and
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with depression, what they found was if people had this
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tendency to default to this learned helplessness kind of mindset,
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things are all bad and nothing I do makes a difference,
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it's going to be bad forever. It's as hopeless, I'm
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in despair, which can be a really really dangerous kind
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of downward spiral to get into in your thinking, and
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remember the way you think influences your mooded influences your behaviors.
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It become very quickly can become a downward spiral into
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a very dark place. Whereas if they taught people that
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when something's going wrong, or if things are difficult, or
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it feels like you have no sense of agency, then
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remember remind yourself it's not permanent, it's temporary. It's only
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this part of my life, it's not my whole life,
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and this is not all my fault. There are other
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things going on here that are outside of my control. Yes,
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I'm not entirely to blame for this situation. It's not
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about not taking responsibility for things that you are responsible for,
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but it's just not going into that whole I'm a
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hopeless case basically like this is, and layering on the
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self blame when things don't go well. So learned optimism
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is a really really useful idea and really helpful for anybody,
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Like anytime you're in a situation where it feels like
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nothing's going to plan, and you find yourself going into
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that kind of which is easy to do, going into
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that negative mindset of it's hopeless, it's all hopeless, it's
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always going to be hopeless, it's all terrible. You know
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how it can feel when it's just you're overwhelmed by something.
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Things are going badly in your work life and your relationship, financially, whatever.
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It's very easy to become consumed by that, for that
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to cast this dark cloud over everything. But if you
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can use those three p's and remember it's not permanent,
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it's not every part of my life, it's just one
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small part. There are other things still good in my