Transcript
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This is Crappita Happy and I am your host, Cas Done.
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I'm a clinical and coaching psychologist. I'm mindfulness meditation teacher
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and of course author of the Crappita Happy books. In
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this show, I bring you conversations with interesting, inspiring, intelligent
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people who are experts in their field and who have
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something of value to share that will help you feel
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less crappy.
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And more happy.
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I have recently thrown myself back into my meditation practice
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with renewed vigor, knowing just how helpful it has always
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been to me in terms of managing my emotions and moods,
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improving my concentration and focus, and even supporting better sleep.
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So I pulled out my Muse brain sensing headband, which
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I haven't been using regularly for the past couple of years,
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and I have started using it again to track the
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quality of my meditation practice now. When I pulled it
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out and redownloaded the app, I was really pleasantly surprised
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to see a whole lot of new features in the app,
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including something called alpha peak frequency, which I don't quite
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understand but is a measure of cognitive performance, and also
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three D neural soundscapes from the Munro Institute, which are
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apparently quite famous for bynural beats and things like that.
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So I was.
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Really excited by this and I wanted to tell you
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about it in case you are thinking of either beginning
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or restarting or improving your own meditation practice in the
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new year. I thought the best way to do this
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might actually be to throw back to my original conversation
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with Ariel Garten all the way back in twenty nineteen,
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I had her on the podcast. She is the founder
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of muse. Since then, it has really evolved, not just
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in terms of the function that I just told you about,
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but there is also now a musees headband which is
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soft so you can wear it around your head really
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comfortably for tracking your sleep. I want to tell you
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that I am an ambassador for MEW, so I became
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an ambassador a few years back in order to be
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able to pass on to you a discount. If you
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choose to buy your own MEWS headband, you get twenty
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percent off with my code. I genuinely love this product
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and I really want to share it with you, so
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I will put the link in my show notes to
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go directly to MEWS using my referral link. Without further ado,
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here is my chat with Ariel Garten. So, Ariel, I
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would like to just start with a little bit of
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your background for our listeners. So, because you have an
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interesting background too, you have a background in the arts,
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am I right, psychotherapy, and neuroscience. Do you want to
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just tell us a little bit about your background.
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Sure. So my mom was an artist, so I always
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grew up thinking that you could imagine anything you wanted
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and bring it to life, because you'd make these beautiful canvasses.
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For anyone watching the video, there's actually one behind me.
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So I grew up in the world of the arts,
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but I was fascinated by science and how the world worked,
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and that fascination very quickly turned into the fascination with
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the self and understanding how the self worked. So I
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trained as a psychotherapist and a neuroscientist. And so I've
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spent a spent a decade being a psychotherapist in private practice,
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and then as a neuroscientist, developed this amazing device mus
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which actually reads your brain activity and gives you real
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time feedback during a variety of activities, including meditation. So
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I've spun the gamut from art to science, and I'm
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really fascinated by how you allow people to understand and
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transform what goes on in their own brain.
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Yeah, it is so interesting and I want to We
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will spend some time talking about the muse for sure,
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which is a brain sensing headband that you wear during meditation.
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It gives you real time feedback about what's happening in
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your brain in actually in a nutshell.
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Ye, so you got it.
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So before we get to that, what's your personal experience
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of meditation and sort of what inspired you to go
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down this path when it comes to all the things
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you could create with this technology.
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So I was a terrible meditator as a psychotherapist. I
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would be always recommending meditation to my patients. I would
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teach them how to meditate, and then I would go
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home and I would sit there and I'd try to
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let my mind focus on something and it would do
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a million things at once, and it'd be like, ah, man,
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this is so frustrating. And then my patients would come
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in and be like, so did you meditate this week?
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And they're like, oh, yeah, totally for like three minutes once.
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Yes, Okay, at least you're not lying to be like
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the other patient was.
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And when I started working with this very early brain
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computer interface technology, we did all sorts of crazy stuff
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with it, but it became really clear that if we
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wanted to help people in the world and help move
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the needle for humanity in some way, that if we
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could use this technology to teach people to meditate, we
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would be doing something really meaningful.
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I I relate so much to that because I'm a
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psychologist and I teach people meditation as well, and I'm
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not always the greatest at maintaining my own practice, but yes,
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how is the meditation practice? Like people couldn't sit for
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longer than three minutes. They would sit for three minutes
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maybe twice a week, and that's their limit. So I'm
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all for anything that helps people to do more of it,
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or to be encouraged or incentivized in some way to meditate,
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because obviously we know what the benefits are as a neuroscientist.
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Actually that leads me to, do you want to talk
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to some of the.
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Known benefits sure of mindfulness and meditation.
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So there are so many known benefits.
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If you look the letterature, there's over a thousand published
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studies talking about meditation's ability to improve your sleep, decrease
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your stress, improve your GRE scores, improve your productivity, improve
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your relationships, change your mood. Like the studies over and
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over and over again demonstrate meditation's ability to have meaningful
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impact in our mind, in our body. As an euroscientist,
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I can dive into the cool things that meditation can
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do for your brain.
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That's that sense, yeah, please cool.
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So at the front of our head over here, we
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have an area called the prefrontal cortex, and it's a
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sort of a higher order control center. It's the thing
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that allows us to think, organize, plan, It's the thing
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that we have that other mammals do not have. And
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as you age, unfortunately your prefrontal cortex thins.
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Bad news.
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But the good news is if you're able to maintain
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a long term meditation practice, you can maintain the thickness
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of your prefrontal cortex even as you age. So there's
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one study by doctor Sarah Lazarre at Harvard and she
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had a fifty year old long term meditator who had
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the prefrontal cortex thickness of a twenty three year old.
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So moving back in the brain, so the prefrontal cortex
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lets you organize and plan behind it. We have in
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the middle of the brain, we have the amygdala, and
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the amigdala is your fight or flight response. It's the
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thing that's going like, ah, there's a fire, or ah,
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my pants are wrinkly and I'm walking into a meeting,
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or add that person across the room maybe doesn't like me.
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It's firing all the time, and not necessarily in ways
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that are always helpful to us. And when you look
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at somebody with a meditation practice, you can often see
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a decrease in amygdala activity, and if you look at
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a long term meditator, you may even see a decrease
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in the size of the amygdala.
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That's fascinating, yees.
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So we're seeing like real structural changes in the brain,
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and there's really a relationship between what's happening in the
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prefrontal cortex and what's happening in the amygdala. You can
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kind of think of the prefrontal cortex as the parent,
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as the thing that can plan and organize and see
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the world around it and see what's clearly going on,
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and the amygdala being the little three year old that
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wants to have a temper tantrum and freak out and
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is scared. And as you meditate, often part of what's
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going on is that you have an increase in prefrontal
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cortex control that down regulates the amygdala. So the wise
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parent is getting wiser and it's able to calm down
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the anxious scale child. And so meditation allows us to
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really in many ways, structurally change our brain potentially through
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both those dynamics and lots of other ones. So you
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also see cool things like increased connectivity through your corpus clossoms,
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so increased connectivity in the left and right brain. You
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can see increased size of the hippocampus, so learning in
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memory area. And you can even see changes in the
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an area called the temporal pridal junction, which is responsible
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for compassion, empathy, and perspective taking.
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It's really interesting stuff and I love that because I think,
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you know, obviously, for a long time we knew that
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people felt better, they felt more calm. But knowing that
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that is actually the result of actual structural changes in
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your brain, that is, it is actually changing you at
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a cellular level, is so interesting.
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It is fascinating. So it can change you to cellular
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level in your mind. It can also change you to
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cellular level in your body.
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Go talk and we'll let's do it.
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So this is some.
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Super cool stuff that comes out of doctor Elizabeth Blackburn's lab.
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Doctor Elizabeth Blackburn is a Nobel Prize winning scientist. She's
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not some weird woo woo hippie scientist. And what she
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looked at was the length of one's telomeres. So, the
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telomeres are the protective caps on.
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The end of your DNA.
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So in the same way that on your shoelace, you
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have a little piece of plastic at the end that
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once it unravels, your shoelace unravels. So too, we have
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these little telomeres at the end and they protect the DNA.
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And as you age, they get shorter and shorter. They
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are a marker of cellular aging, so they can show
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how old the organism is.
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How much it is aged.
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As you age, the telomeres get shorter and shorter. Well,
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it turns out that when you give somebody a meditation practice,
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there's the potential for those telomeres to actually start increasing again.
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And in doctor Blackburn's landmark study, she showed that moms
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who are chronically stressed, caring chronically ill children when they
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were given a meditation practice, we're actually able to increase
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the length of they're telomeres. And that finding has been
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replicated over and over and over again in various populations
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and average populations as well.
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So we're literally slowing, potentially reversing the aging process potentially.
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I mean, it's an incredibly big claim to me. Look
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at the literature, there's some pretty interesting conclusions that you
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can come to.
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And Ariel, are you aware of any of the research.
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I'm just curious about because I know that there's also
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studies about compassion meditation specifically, for example, basically turning off
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and on the genes for disease.
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Have you read any of that research?
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Yeah, so you're referring to meditation's ability to have an
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epigenetic yessact in the body. Yes, yes, So overall, when
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we look at the meditation literature, there's just like we
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were turning on the gene for telomerase, telamerase being the
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enzyme that would lengthen your telomeres. We can also through
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meditation turn potentially turn on and off gens in your
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body that increase your immune system, that help you go
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onto rest and digest that in general improve the health
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of the organism. Overall, it's not a panacea. I don't
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want to oversell it, but there's fascinating avenues that the
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literature points.
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To pretty compelling.
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So even though we know all of this, and even
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you and I like, even knowing all of this stuff,
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get to get people to sit down and spend ten minutes,
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fifteen minutes, five minutes just focusing on their breath is
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it seems like it's the hardest thing for people to do.
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There's every excuse to not do it. They can't find
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the time to do it, it's too uncomfortable. What's going on?
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We've got all the information. What is it that stops
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us being able to do this?
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It's a good question, and I mean I've seen it
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over and over and over again, and for some people
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it was like, oh, well, meditation is woo woo. But
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that perception, I think has gone away at this point.
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Everybody knows they should be meditating. It's, you know, part
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of a balanced lifestyle. You eat well, you brush your teeth,
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you go to the gym, and you meditate. And most
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people manage the first two. The going to the gym
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is much harder, and meditation's like way off the spectrum. Yeah,
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And I think for most people, you know, you sit down,
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most people don't know exactly what meditation is.
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So there's the perception that meditation is letting your mind go.