Dec. 5, 2022
Why adverse childhood experiences don't have to define your adulthood
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Are you worried that adversity that you faced in your childhood is negatively effecting your life as an adult? In this episode, I explain the science behind adverse childhood experiences and the detrimental effects they can have on us as we grow up, while also explaining how much positivity in our childhood can benefit us, and how we can learn to live with the things that may have happened to us.Connect with Cass:www.crappytohappypod.comhello@crappytohappypod.com
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Transcript
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A listener production, Welcome to another episode of Crappy Are
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Happy Today. What I want to talk to you about
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is something that actually came up in an episode that
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I did recently, an interview that I did with Rick Morton.
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You may have listened to that episode. It was about
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Rick's experience and the book that he wrote called My
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Year of Living Vulnerably, and Rick shared about his early
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childhood experience traumatic experiences that he had during childhood. Rick
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and I share the opinion that most of the problems
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that we see in the world, that we witness in
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the world, all can be boiled down to one common denominator,
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and that is childhood trauma or early adverse experiences. And
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it prompted me to want to create this solo episode
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to talk a little bit more about that and the
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impact that early childhood experiences have on our physical and
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our emotional wellbeing. So, if you have not ever heard
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of the ACES study, the Adverse Childhood Experience Study, that
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is what I want to share with you today. You
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may be familiar with it, maybe you know some of
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what it's about, but you don't really know where it
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came from or what the implications of that study were.
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So I would love to share that with you. I
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was a little reluctant to talk about this because it
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can seem kind of depressing. Truth be told, it can
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feel a little bit depressing when you realize what some
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of the long term implications are of early childhood experiences.
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Of course, as children, we don't have any real control
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over these things that we experience and the implications they
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have for our physical and mental health many many many
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years down the track. But this is crappy to happy.
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So I will also share with you the positive impact
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of positive childhood experiences and the role that they can
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play in counteracting I guess some of these negative consequences
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of difficult childhood experiences. So start of the ACES. So
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back in the nineteen nineties, the ACES survey was first conducted.
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There's an interesting backstory to how this came about. So
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doctor Vincent Feliti was running an obesity clinic. He was
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getting really frustrated because a lot of his patients were
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experiencing really good results. They were losing weight, and these
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were people who were at significant health risk because of
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how overweight they were. Following his program, they were getting results.
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But then what was happening was they were suddenly dropping out,
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and many of them were very quickly regaining a lot
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of the weight that they had lost. He was getting
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really frustrated that well, in particular, that people were dropping
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out of the program, and so he started to dig
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into what was going on, and long story short by
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a slip of the tongue. One day, when he was
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asking some routine questions of one of his patients, he
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asked her about her first sexual experience, or what age
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she was, or what she weighed I think, and she
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said that she weighed forty pounds, and then it came
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out that she had actually been sexually abused as a child,
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and he was quite struck by this, And then he
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started asking other patients and they had a similar response.
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So he found out a lot of these people who
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were experiencing difficulties with their weight, they had often very
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suddenly gained weight. He noticed this in their personal histories.
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These weren't people who gradually put on weight each year
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and each decade. There was often a very sudden turn
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around it where they suddenly put on weight. And also
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as they started to lose weight and they started to
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have results, then they were either dropping out or piling
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the weight back on, and the more he explored this,
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the more he found out that this was quite common
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and there was a very clear link between gaining weight
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or holding on to excess weight or not wanting to
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lose weight, and having experience of sexual abuse in childhood.
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So essentially, what he found and what his patients began
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to tell him once he started to ask them about this,
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was that for men, they were less likely to be
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bullied often they had had early traumatic experience as a
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child as well, they were less likely to be bullied
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if they gained a lot of weight if they were
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a larger person, And for women they were much less
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at risk of unwanted sexual attention if they were overweight,
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and they very explicit stated this that being overweight and
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being considered to be physically less attractive to the opposite
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sex was how they stayed safe. Doctor Feliti then teamed
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up with another guy, doctor Bob Arnder, and they went
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ahead and conducted the Adverse Childhood Experiences Survey to find
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out what other long term effects what they were seeing
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as health problems in adults were actually underpinned by early
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traumatic experiences. They surveyed seventeen thousand people initially, and they
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asked them questions about a range of particular adverse experiences
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that were commonly reported. They didn't just pluck these ten
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items that were on the survey, and there were things
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like physical abuse, sexual abuse, having a parent who had
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a substance problem, alcohol problem, witnessing domestic violence, having a
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parent in prison. So these were the ten survey items. Basically,
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there were ten items on the original ACES survey, and
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they came up with those ten items because of what
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they were being commonly told, kinds of experiences that seemed
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to be the most commonly reported amongst their patients at
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the CDC and in the Kaiser Permanente, which is this
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health clinic. Now, the interesting thing about these seventeen thousand
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people and what they reported was that these were predominantly white,
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middle class, well educated, well employed people. And prior to this,
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most of the interest in early trauma and the impact
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that that had on psychological wellbeing or problem behaviors was
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mostly focused on poorer communities, lower socioeconomic and disadvantaged kind
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of community. So this really shone a light on the
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fact that the population, the group of people that were
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well off doing well in life succeeding in life, very white,
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middle class that they were reporting pretty high levels of
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early childhood adversity. So in fact, what they found was
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that sixty one percent of adults reported at least one
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of these aces. They found that most people didn't have
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just one. Usually if there was one, there was more
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than one. They didn't usually happen in isolation. Over eighty
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percent had two or more ACES, and sixteen percent had
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four or more. What they also found was with the
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higher number of ACES, the more significant health risk for
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these adults. If you had four or more ACES, you
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were basically twice as likely to experience heart disease, around
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twice as likely to be diagnosed with cancer, two and
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a half times more likely to have a stroke, four
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times more likely to have chronic bronchitis or mphysema, six
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times more likely to have diabetes. And then there are
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the psychological issues, So four and a half times more
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likely to have suffered from depression in the past twelve months,
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twelve times more likely to have attempted suicide, seven times
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more likely to have an issue with alcohol problem with alcohol,
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and ten times more likely to have injected drugs. So
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I think what we probably intuitively understand is that if
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you've had a difficult childhood, if you've grown up in
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a dysfunctional family, if there has been alcoholism, if you've
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been abused as a child neglected, if you've witnessed domestic violence,
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if you've had a parent with a mental health issue
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and alcohol issue. These are all of the kinds of
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things that are on the ACES seven. Oh, by the way,
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parental separation or divorce is one of them, So that
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might account for the fact that over sixty percent of
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people have had at least one. We intuitively kind of
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understand that that is more likely to lead to having
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more emotional psychological issues. You're more likely to experience depression
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or anger or anxiety later in life, and therefore this
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is likely to lead to risky health behaviors. You're more
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likely to drink, you're more likely to smoke, You're more
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likely to use food for self soothing or or comfort eating,
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stress eating, those kinds of things that we kind of
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connect with early childhood adversities. But what they found was
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even after they controlled for those risky health behaviors, even
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when they took the people out who had never smoked,
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who weren't over eating, or using food or using substances,
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or drinking too much. Those people still had significantly increased
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risk of health issues heart disease, stroke, cancer. These early
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childhood experiences were impacting health outcomes many many years down
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the track, even in the absence of risky health behaviors
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that you might associate typically with early childhood trauma. So
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that's kind of interesting and kind of a little bit
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scary for a lot of people, right what they think,
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what they've ascertained. And there's been many, many, many studies
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done since that original ACES survey, and the results are
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pretty much the same. No matter where they survey people,
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they find these same sorts of rates of ACES in
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the population. But what we know now is that early
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childhood stress affects children's developing brains and bodies. It absolutely
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affects children's brain development. Therefore, that impacts how well children
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can pay attention in class. We know that there are
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links between early trauma and ADHD, and we'll talk about
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that in another episode. Absolutely, because the rates of ADHD
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diagnosis are just phenomenal at the moment. So when little
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children during those formative years, and most children have experienced
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these aces prior to the age of three if they
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have experienced them. But in those really early years, when
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children exposed to issues at home, if they're exposed to
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abuse and neglect, or parnal alcoholism, or domestic violence, all
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of those things, their little bodies are flooded with stress hormones,
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with cortisol and adrenaline. Stress hormones are designed to help us,
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to prepare us to be able to fight off an
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attacker or to run. And if those stress hormones have
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nowhere to go and they stay circulating in your body,
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and if that threat is ever present, you're living in
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an environment where there is toxic stress, chronic unrelenting stress.
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And that is what we're talking about here, toxic childhood stress.
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So it's not a one off event, it's not a
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one off traumatic experience. This is an environment where this
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threat is ever present and that stress is ever present.
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Then that impacts little bodies, and it puts stress on
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every system in your physical body. So it impacts immune system,
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it impacts metabolic system, it impacts respiratory system. Every part
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of your developing little brain and body is impacted by that,
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and that can have long lasting negative consequences to your health.
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In addition to increased risk of unhealthy behaviors, smoking, drinking,
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all of those sorts of things, depression, anxiety, which are
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going to predispose you to be turning towards substances nicotine, alcohol.
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You know, when you get to be a teenager and
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you start discovering all of those things, unhealthy or risky
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sexual behaviors, all of those kinds of things. So in
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addition to those health risks, just the stress on your
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body what we call the allostatic load for stress load
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on your internal organs and your system is going to
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have long term health consequences. Just on that. By the way,
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there has been some discussion and people will often say
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the ten items that were included in the original ACES
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survey were probably quite limiting, really, and I can tell
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you what they were, in fact, I'll tell you right now.
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But they didn't, for example, take into consideration things like racism,
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being in foster care, being bullied, living in an unsafe neighborhood,
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and all of these things we know a traumatic for
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children and for adults. Later, separately, there was a project
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called the Philadelphia ACES Project, and the Philadelphia ACES Project
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expanded the original questions and included six additional items such
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as growing up in foster care, living in an unsafe neighborhood,
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being discriminated against, experiencing bullying, And based on those additional questions,
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they found that more than eighty percent of people had
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experienced at least one So the original TENK questions, we
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know that over sixty percent two thirds roughly of the
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population have experienced at least one ACE and more than
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eighty percent have experienced two or more. When you expand
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the definition and you add those extra items, than the
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numbers shoot right up. So most people in the population
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have experienced at least one and usually more. They usually
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do not occurred on their own the original ten Because
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I know that you're interested, were prior to your eighteenth birthday?
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Did a parent or other adult did they swear at
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you and salt you, put you down, humiliate you, make
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you feel afraid? Did they push, grab, slap, or throw
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something at you hit you so hard it left a
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mark or an injury. Did an adult or a person
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at least five years older than you touch or fondle
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you in a sexual way? Did you ever feel that
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nobody in your family loved you or thought that you
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were special? You didn't feel like people were looking out
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for you. Did you often or very often not have
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enough to eat, have dirty clothes, had no one to
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protect you? So that is a question relating to neglect.
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Were your parents separated or divorced? Was your mother or
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stepmother very often pushed, grabbed, slapped, basically domestic violence? Did
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you live with somebody who was a problem drinker, alcoholic,
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or who used street drugs. Was a household member depressed
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or mentally ill? Did a household member ever attempt suicide?
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Did a household member ever go to prison? So I
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guess one important thing just to note here on that
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if you weren't aware of the ACIS study, if you
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weren't aware of the negative and very significant health implications
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of those early childhood experiences, then that's useful information to have.
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